How to protect critical sections of code with a mutex in Golang?

To protect critical sections of code with a mutex in Golang, you can follow these steps:

Import the sync package that contains the Mutex type.

import "sync"

Define a variable of type Mutex to create a mutual exclusion lock.

var mutex = &sync.Mutex{}

Wrap the critical section of code with the Lock and Unlock methods of the mutex.

mutex.Lock()
// Critical section of code
mutex.Unlock()

Here's an example to demonstrate the usage of mutex in Golang:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
)

var (
	counter = 0
	mutex   = &sync.Mutex{}
)

func increment() {
	mutex.Lock()
	counter++
	mutex.Unlock()
}

func main() {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			increment()
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
	fmt.Println("Counter:", counter)
}

In this example, the counter variable is shared among multiple goroutines, and the increment function is the critical section that modifies the counter. By using a mutex, we ensure that only one goroutine can access the critical section at a time, preventing concurrent modification and potential data races.