How to perform buffered reading and writing for improved I/O efficiency in Go?

To perform buffered reading and writing for improved I/O efficiency in Go, you can use the bufio package that provides buffered I/O functionality. Here's how you can use it:

Import the bufio package:

import (
   "bufio"
   "os"
)

Create a buffered reader or writer:

To perform buffered reading, create a bufio.Reader:

file, err := os.Open("input.txt") // Open the file
if err != nil {
   log.Fatal(err)
}
defer file.Close()

reader := bufio.NewReader(file) // Create a buffered reader

To perform buffered writing, create a bufio.Writer:

file, err := os.Create("output.txt") // Create the file
if err != nil {
   log.Fatal(err)
}
defer file.Close()

writer := bufio.NewWriter(file) // Create a buffered writer

Use the buffered reader or writer to read/write data:

For buffered reading, use the Read method of bufio.Reader:

data, err := reader.ReadBytes('\n') // Read a line from the file
if err != nil {
   log.Fatal(err)
}

For buffered writing, use the Write or WriteString method of bufio.Writer:

_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Hello, World!\n")) // Write data to the file
if err != nil {
   log.Fatal(err)
}

writer.Flush() // Flush the buffer to write data to the file

Note: Flush is important to ensure all the buffered data is written.

By using buffered reading and writing, you can improve I/O efficiency by reducing the number of system calls and disk operations. The bufio package takes care of managing the buffer and improves the performance of I/O operations.