How to initialize and work with embedded structs in Go?

In Go, you can initialize and work with embedded structs by simply declaring them as fields within a struct type. Essentially, an embedded struct is a field of any type, including a struct type.

Here's an example to demonstrate the initialization and usage of embedded structs in Go:

package main

import "fmt"

// Define a person struct
type Person struct {
	Name string
	Age  int
}

// Define an employee struct that embeds the Person struct
type Employee struct {
	Person      // Embedded struct
	EmployeeID  int
	Designation string
}

func main() {
	// Initializing an embedded struct
	emp := Employee{
		Person: Person{
			Name: "John Wick",
			Age:  35,
		},
		EmployeeID:  12345,
		Designation: "Software Engineer",
	}

	// Accessing embedded struct fields
	fmt.Println("Employee Name:", emp.Name)
	fmt.Println("Employee Age:", emp.Age)
	fmt.Println("Employee ID:", emp.EmployeeID)
	fmt.Println("Employee Designation:", emp.Designation)

	// Updating embedded struct fields
	emp.Name = "Jane Doe"
	emp.Age = 30

	fmt.Println("Updated Employee Name:", emp.Name)
	fmt.Println("Updated Employee Age:", emp.Age)
}

In this example, we define a Person struct with Name and Age fields. Then, we define an Employee struct that embeds the Person struct. The Employee struct also has additional fields such as EmployeeID and Designation.

To initialize an embedded struct, you can assign a value to it along with other fields while creating an instance of the outer struct. In the main function, we create an emp instance of the Employee struct, initialize the embedded Person struct, and set values for other fields.

You can access the embedded struct's fields directly from the outer struct using dot notation. In this example, we print the values of emp.Name, emp.Age, emp.EmployeeID, and emp.Designation.

You can also update the embedded struct's fields by assigning new values to them. In the code above, we update emp.Name and emp.Age to "Jane Doe" and 30, respectively.

That's it! You now know how to initialize and work with embedded structs in Go.