To implement PHP-FPM load balancing and failover strategies in Nginx, you can follow these steps:
Set up multiple PHP-FPM backend servers: Install PHP-FPM on multiple servers and configure them to listen on different ports or Unix sockets. Each backend server should have the same PHP code and configuration.
Configure upstream servers in Nginx: In Nginx server block, define an upstream block and specify the PHP-FPM backend servers as upstream servers. For example:
upstream php {
server backend1:9000;
server backend2:9000;
}
Configure load balancing method: Set the load balancing method for the upstream servers. Nginx provides various load balancing methods such as round-robin, least_conn, ip_hash, etc. For example:
upstream php {
round-robin;
server backend1:9000;
server backend2:9000;
}
Configure Nginx location block: In the Nginx server block, configure a location block for PHP scripts and proxy pass requests to the upstream servers. For example:
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://php;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
Configure failover: Add backup parameters to the upstream servers in Nginx configuration. This ensures that if all the primary backend servers are down, the requests will be forwarded to the backup server.
upstream php {
server backend1:9000;
server backend2:9000 backup;
}
Test and reload Nginx: Test the configuration file for syntax errors and reload Nginx to apply the changes.
nginx -t
systemctl reload nginx
By following these steps, you can implement PHP-FPM load balancing and failover strategies in Nginx.